Recycling in Railways

1. Using Crossing Plates made up of recycled polymers ( this is being done in Japan ).
2. Using Hard ResidueParticles ( that come out of crushed pottery or glass ) instead of ballast.
3. Using ballast mat and slab mat.

Noise Pollution mitigation

Anything between 50 dB to 90 dB is noise.

In Railways, following strategies can be adopted:

• Tall barriers along track at vulnerable locations.
• Screened portals along track at select locations.
• Low level accoustic barrier.
• Using hoolow axle wheel sets and modified brake system.
• Rubber in steel girder bridge.
• Aero stream nose in high speed. 
• Using machines with low noise.
• Using honeycomb filled double skinned Al-Alloy bodies to insulate passenger area.
• Running underground trains.
• Floating slab track (FST) on viaduct sections.( reduces noise by 10 dB)
• Low vibration Track (LVT) in tunnels.

EPI index 2016 is out

Yale University is out with 2016 EPI rankings.


India ranks 141 this time, better than last year ( 2014 rank)

World as a whole is doing worse in fisheries.

Particulate pollution in India

Anything < 10 micromtrs gets into lungs.

Beach Sand is PM90,Human Hair is PM70,Dust is PM10, and Combustion Particles are PM2.5