Carbon Intensity of Electricity Production

So, how clean is the energy produced in your country?
 ( in g CO2 per kWh )

France   :   83
Japan     :   483
Portugal :   525
USA      :    613
Netherlands :  652
China :          788
India  :  933

Any guess why such a wide range?

Recycling in Railways

1. Using Crossing Plates made up of recycled polymers ( this is being done in Japan ).
2. Using Hard ResidueParticles ( that come out of crushed pottery or glass ) instead of ballast.
3. Using ballast mat and slab mat.

Noise Pollution mitigation

Anything between 50 dB to 90 dB is noise.

In Railways, following strategies can be adopted:

• Tall barriers along track at vulnerable locations.
• Screened portals along track at select locations.
• Low level accoustic barrier.
• Using hoolow axle wheel sets and modified brake system.
• Rubber in steel girder bridge.
• Aero stream nose in high speed. 
• Using machines with low noise.
• Using honeycomb filled double skinned Al-Alloy bodies to insulate passenger area.
• Running underground trains.
• Floating slab track (FST) on viaduct sections.( reduces noise by 10 dB)
• Low vibration Track (LVT) in tunnels.

EPI index 2016 is out

Yale University is out with 2016 EPI rankings.


India ranks 141 this time, better than last year ( 2014 rank)

World as a whole is doing worse in fisheries.

Particulate pollution in India

Anything < 10 micromtrs gets into lungs.

Beach Sand is PM90,Human Hair is PM70,Dust is PM10, and Combustion Particles are PM2.5

 

 

Pollution caused by transportation

For Passenger traffic:

Aviation:

0.24 Kg CO2 / psrmile    short plane

0.18 Kg CO2 / psr mile   long plane


Cars


0.44 Kg CO2 / psrmile

Bus

0.3 Kg CO2/ psrmile


Rail

0.16 kgCO2/psrmile

An engine consumes 30 units / km



For freight traffic: ( Kg CO2)

0.8 / ton-mile ( by air)
0.17 /............by truck
0.14..............by train
0.04 .............by Sea

Alternate use of plastic waste

India generates huge plastic waste . India has lots of potholes on roads. Can the dots be joined?

Here is an interesting story:

http://www.theweekendleader.com/Innovation/1181/plastic-smiles.html


Another story abour 'Plastic man" of India

http://www.bloomberg.com/bw/articles/2014-07-10/indias-plastic-man-chemist-turns-litter-into-paved-roads

Then there is a video

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uZDrk29TnZA

Another video story

http://www.dailymotion.com/video/xbssh6_indian-firm-builds-roads-using-plas_tech